Columns are devices or pressure vessels in which chemical, physical or biochemical processes take place.
In addition to a chemical load, locally due to exothermic reactions, high temperatures can also occur or flows of solids can occur, which can adversely affect the internals or reactor walls due to wear.
With the use of suitable ceramic materials, wear and tear can be contained and safety, especially in pressure vessels, can be guaranteed.
The designs are diverse and varied. As a rule, these devices are built according to customer requirements.